Within IRDL, Julien Gambade has developed thermal solar solutions adapted to the cold climates of Northwest Europe.

Julien Gambade, chercheur·e au sein de IRDL (Institut National Polytechnique de Bretagne).

Thèse soutenue en 2023 à l'école doctorale École doctorale Sciences Pour l'Ingénieur (Lorient ; 2022-....).

Référencée dans le réseau ABES/STAR, cette thèse répond aux critères de rigueur de l'enseignement supérieur français.

The energy transition is a major challenge for Europe, and this challenge is particularly pressing in regions like the Northwest, where renewable energies struggle to assert themselves against fossil fuels. In this context, Julien Gambade's thesis, which focuses on thermal solar solutions, offers an innovative perspective on how to optimize the use of solar energy, even in difficult climatic conditions. Indeed, thermal solar systems represent a viable alternative to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions, a crucial issue in the fight against climate change.

The results of his research are particularly revealing: a solar potential of 1200 kWh/m²/year, with collector efficiency reaching 75% under experimental conditions. These figures, which may seem abstract, make sense when put in perspective with the growing energy needs of the Northwest European countries. For example, in countries like Belgium or the Netherlands, where winters are long and harsh, optimizing solar energy could significantly contribute to reducing energy bills for households and businesses.

These results highlight the importance of a rigorous scientific approach to evaluate and enhance the often underestimated energy potential of solar technologies. By integrating advanced numerical modeling and experimental studies, this thesis overcomes major scientific barriers, notably the lack of models suited to cold climates. Julien Gambade's work thus paves the way for tailored solutions that take into account the climatic specifics of the region.

However, the question arises: how can these advances be translated into concrete energy policies? Decision-makers must consider the recommendations arising from this research to promote the integration of thermal solar systems into regional energy strategies. This requires close collaboration between researchers, investors, and governments. For example, initiatives such as subsidies for the installation of thermal solar systems in homes could encourage households to adopt these technologies. Furthermore, public-private partnerships could facilitate the financing of large-scale projects, thereby maximizing energy efficiency and promoting renewable energies.

It is also crucial to explore the specific applications of thermal solar systems, particularly in the agricultural sector, where energy demand is increasing. Solar systems can not only reduce energy costs but also improve the sustainability of agricultural practices. For instance, using solar energy for greenhouse heating can extend growing seasons and increase yields. Similarly, in livestock farming, hot water produced by thermal solar systems can be used for cleaning and heating facilities, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

In summary, this thesis by Julien Gambade is a call to action for energy sector stakeholders and policymakers. It emphasizes the importance of transforming research results into concrete and sustainable solutions for the energy future of Northwest Europe. By integrating thermal solar systems into a comprehensive energy strategy, it is possible to build a future where renewable energy plays a central role, thereby contributing to the fight against climate change while supporting local economic development. The stakes are high: it is not only about meeting current energy needs but also about preparing a sustainable future for generations to come.

Sources et accès

Julien Gambade. Modélisation et validation expérimentale de solutions solaires thermiques : application à l'Europe du Nord-Ouest. Thermique [physics.class-ph]. Université de Bretagne Sud, 2023. Français. ⟨NNT : 2023LORIS665⟩. ⟨tel-04554962⟩

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